Name: 
 

XHTML Tutorial 4


True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Graphical tables use only standard word processing characters.
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 2. 
The item shown in the figure above is a graphical table.
 
 
nar002-1.jpg
 

 3. 
The item shown in the figure above is a text table.
 

 4. 
Because of the variable spacing, proportional fonts are more visually attractive, and typically easier to read, than fixed-width fonts.
 

 5. 
A single table can contain at most one <tbody> tag.
 

 6. 
By using the <thead> and <tfoot> tags, the browser can be made to repeat those sections across multiple pages, while changing the contents of the table’s main body.
 

 7. 
All browsers support the <tbody>, <thead>, and <tfoot> tags.
 

 8. 
Alignment values of “left” or “right” place a table caption below the table to the left or right.
 

 9. 
Captions are shown as normal text without special formatting.
 

 10. 
By default, the caption appears centered above the table when creating a table caption.
 

 11. 
The size of a table’s border is an optional attribute.
 

 12. 
The outside gridlines are not affected by a table’s border attribute; only the internal gridlines are changed.
 

 13. 
Decreasing the width of a table’s border to 1 pixel will remove the border between the cells.
 

 14. 
By default, tables will display without borders in a browser.
 
 
nar003-1.jpg
 

 15. 
The table marked 1 in the figure above has a frame value of “border”.
 

 16. 
The table marked 2 in the figure above has a frame value of “top”.
 

 17. 
The table marked 3 in Figure 4-26 has a frame value of “beneath”.
 

 18. 
The table marked 4 in the figure above has a frame value of “box”.
 

 19. 
The table marked 5 in the figure above has a frame value of “lhs”.
 

 20. 
The table marked 6 in the figure above has a frame value of “rhs”.
 

 21. 
The table marked 7 in the figure above has a frame value of “vsides”.
 

 22. 
The table marked 8 in the figure above has a frame value of “none”.
 
 
nar004-1.jpg
 

 23. 
The table marked 1 in the figure above has a rules value of “full”.
 

 24. 
The table marked 2 in the figure above has a rules value of “rows”.
 

 25. 
The table marked 3 in the figure above has a rules value of “cols”.
 

 26. 
The table marked 4 in the figure above has a rules value of “void”.
 

 27. 
Specifying a width for an individual cell guarantees that the cell will be that width when displayed in the browser.
 

 28. 
If another cell in a column is set to a different width or expands because of the text in it, the widths of all cells in the column change accordingly.
 

 29. 
Table styles cascade down through the table structure, from the table element, through the row groups and table rows, and down to the individual cells.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 30. 
A graphical table contains only text, evenly spaced on the Web page in rows and columns. _________________________

 

 31. 
Because it relies on spaces, when you create a graphical table, the font you use is important. _________________________

 

 32. 
Proportional fonts are more suitable for text tables than fixed-width fonts. _________________________

 

 33. 
Since the character “m” is wider than the character “l,” a monospace font assigns it more space. _________________________

 

 34. 
A text table relies on spaces and the characters that fill those spaces to create its row boundaries. _________________________

 

 35. 
One difference between the <th> and <td> tags is that text formatted with the <th> tag is left-aligned within the cell. _________________________

 

 36. 
The <thead> and <tfoot> sections must appear after any <tbody> sections in the table structure. _________________________

 

 37. 
In addition to the top, bottom, left, and right values, Netscape also supports a position value of “center” for captions. _________________________

 

 38. 
By default, browsers display tables without table borders. _________________________

 

 39. 
The cell spacing attribute controls the amount of space inserted outside table cells. _________________________

 

 40. 
Setting a width for a cell guarantees only that the cell width will not be greater than that value. _________________________

 

 41. 
In a fluid layout, one or more of the table elements is sized as a percentage of the page width. _________________________

 

 42. 
The default value for the position attribute of the float style is left. _________________________

 

 43. 
For a table that includes a caption, the colgroup element should be placed directly before the opening <table> tag. _________________________

 

 44. 
HTML allows you to manipulate the features of entire columns and groups of columns. _________________________

 

 45. 
The sectional layout places page content in columns. _________________________

 

 46. 
To create a table row, use the tag <th>content</th>. _________________________

 

 47. 
With a columnar layout, the page is broken up into a number of pieces that are meticulously assembled to create the layout. _________________________

 

 48. 
Nonbreaking spaces are created with the &nbsp character entity. _________________________

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 49. 
In a text table, cell borders and lines must be created using
a.
hyphens.
c.
special graphical characters.
b.
equal signs.
d.
Either A or B
 

 50. 
A ____ table contains only text, evenly spaced on the Web page in rows and columns.
a.
columnar
c.
text
b.
row-based
d.
graphical
 

 51. 
Which of the following is a graphical table feature you can control?
a.
You can include shaded borders.
b.
You can control the size of individual table cells.
c.
You can create cells that span several columns.
d.
All of the above
 

 52. 
Fixed-width fonts are also referred to as ____ fonts.
a.
singular
c.
proportional
b.
monospace
d.
fixed-space
 

 53. 
Most typeset documents use ____ fonts.
a.
proportional
c.
spacing
b.
fixed-width
d.
monospace
 

 54. 
You can use the ____ tag to display preformatted text.
a.
<pre>
c.
<format>
b.
<form>
d.
<preformatted>
 

 55. 
One drawback to a ____ layout is that it does not take into account the size of the browser window.
a.
fluid
c.
column-based
b.
tabular
d.
fixed-width
 

 56. 
The ____ tag displays text using preformatted text.
a.
<font>
c.
<br>
b.
<pre>
d.
<fw>
 

 57. 
Any text formatted with the ____ tag retains any white space you want to display on your Web page.
a.
<form>
c.
<pre>
b.
<sp>
d.
<preformat>
 

 58. 
Each row of a table is indicated using a two-sided ____ tag.
a.
<tr>
c.
<th>
b.
<td>
d.
<tl>
 

 59. 
Within a table row, a two-sided ____ tag indicates the presence of individual table cells.
a.
<tr>
c.
<tc>
b.
<td>
d.
<th>
 

 60. 
Enter ____ tags to identify text to be table headers.
a.
<tr> and </tr>
c.
<th> and </th>
b.
<td> and </td>
d.
<ht> and </ht>
 

 61. 
The number of columns is determined by how many ____ are inserted within each row, according to the original HTML specifications.
a.
cells
c.
headers
b.
columns
d.
indices
 

 62. 
If you have four <td> tags in each table row, that table has ____ columns.
a.
two
c.
four
b.
three
d.
six
 

 63. 
Text formatted with the <th> tag is displayed in a(n) ____ font.
a.
italicized
c.
underlined
b.
boldface
d.
colored
 

 64. 
HTML allows you to identify the different parts of your table using the ____ tags.
a.
<thead>
c.
<tfoot>
b.
<tbody>
d.
All of the above
 

 65. 
The <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot> tags do not format the table, but they do contain row ____.
a.
groups
c.
clusters
b.
aggregates
d.
indices
 

 66. 
In the <caption> tag, an alignment value of ____ centers the caption below the table.
a.
below
c.
under
b.
bottom
d.
beneath
 

 67. 
In the <caption> tag, an alignment value of ____ centers the caption above the table.
a.
above
c.
top
b.
over
d.
central
 

 68. 
In a ____ layout, one or more of the table elements is sized as a percentage of the page width.
a.
fluid
c.
jigsaw
b.
fixed-width
d.
columnar
 

 69. 
One drawback of a ____ layout is that it can result in long lines of text, which can be difficult to read.
a.
fixed-width
c.
fluid
b.
columnar
d.
jigsaw
 

 70. 
The default cell spacing value is ____ pixel(s).
a.
1
c.
4
b.
2
d.
5
 

 71. 
The default cell padding value is ____ pixel(s).
a.
1
c.
3
b.
2
d.
5
 

 72. 
The ____ attribute controls the amount of space inserted between table cells.
a.
cell padding
c.
cell spacing
b.
cellbetween
d.
cellborder
 

 73. 
To control the space between the table text and the cell borders, add the ____ attribute to the table tag.
a.
cell spacing
c.
cellborder
b.
cellbetween
d.
cell padding
 

 74. 
The ____ attribute allows you to determine which sides of the table will have borders.
a.
rules
c.
frame
b.
box
d.
rhs
 

 75. 
Which of the following is a table frame type?
a.
beneath
c.
top
b.
below
d.
center
 

 76. 
Which of the following is a table frame type?
a.
void
c.
vsides
b.
rhs
d.
All of the above
 

 77. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn around all four sides of the table.
a.
box
c.
4sides
b.
border
d.
all
 

 78. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn only above the table.
a.
top
c.
hsides
b.
above
d.
box
 

 79. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn only below the table.
a.
under
c.
below
b.
beneath
d.
vsides
 

 80. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn on the top and bottom sides of the table.
a.
rhs
c.
vsides
b.
lhs
d.
hsides
 

 81. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn only on the left-hand side of the table.
a.
lhs
c.
left
b.
rhs
d.
vside
 

 82. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn only on the right-hand side of the table.
a.
lhs
c.
right
b.
rhs
d.
hside
 

 83. 
With the frame value ____, a border is drawn on the left and right sides of the table.
a.
lrhs
c.
vsides
b.
hsides
d.
both
 

 84. 
With the frame value ____, no border is drawn around the table.
a.
null
c.
no
b.
none
d.
void
 

 85. 
The ____ attribute lets you control how the table gridlines are drawn.
a.
rules
c.
gridlines
b.
grid
d.
lines
 

 86. 
Given the syntax <table rules=“type”>, which of the following is a value for type?
a.
top
c.
bottom
b.
all
d.
All of the above
 
 
nar005-1.jpg
 

 87. 
The layout shown in the figure above is the ____ layout.
a.
sectional
c.
columnar
b.
jigsaw
d.
grid
 
 
nar006-1.jpg
 

 88. 
The layout shown in the figure above is the ____ layout.
a.
sectional
c.
grid
b.
columnar
d.
jigsaw
 

 89. 
One tip for the effective use of tables is to use row ____ to vary the size and starting point of articles within a columnar layout.
a.
padding
c.
kerning
b.
tracking
d.
spanning
 

 90. 
One tip for the effective use of tables is to use cell ____ to keep the table content from appearing too crowded.
a.
padding
c.
kerning
b.
tracking
d.
spanning
 

 91. 
By default, cell text is placed ____.
a.
in the middle of the cell, aligned with the cell’s right edge
b.
in the middle of the cell, aligned with the cell’s left edge
c.
at the bottom of the cell, aligned with the cell’s right edge
d.
at the bottom of the cell, aligned with the cell’s left edge
 

 92. 
A ____ cell occupies more than one row or column in a table.
a.
breadth
c.
spanning
b.
full
d.
columnar
 

 93. 
Spanning cells are created by inserting the ____ attributes in a <td> or <th> tag.
a.
rowspan and colspan
c.
cellspan and rowspan
b.
spanrow and spancol
d.
tdspan and trspan
 

 94. 
To create a cell that spans two columns in a table, you enter the <td> tag as ____.
a.
<td rowspan>“2”>
c.
<td colspan>“2”>
b.
<td colspan=“2”>
d.
<td rowspan=“2”>
 

 95. 
To create a cell that spans two rows in a table, you enter the <td> tag as ____.
a.
<td colspan>“2”>
c.
<td rowspan=“2”>
b.
<td rowspan>“2”>
d.
<td colspan=“2”>
 

 96. 
To create a cell that spans two rows and two columns at the same time, you enter the <td> tag as ____.
a.
<td rows=“2” cols=“2”>
c.
<td span=“2,2”>
b.
<td rowspan=“2+2”>
d.
<td rowspan=“2” colspan=“2”>
 
 
nar007-1.jpg
 

 97. 
The layout in the figure above is the ____ layout.
a.
jigsaw
c.
grid
b.
columnar
d.
sectional
 

 98. 
By default, table borders are displayed in two shades of ____ that create a three-dimensional effect.
a.
white
c.
gray
b.
black
d.
blue
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 99. 
A(n) ____________________ table is displayed using graphical elements to distinguish the table components.
 

 

 100. 
One tip for the effective use of tables is to use ____________________ elements to reduce the amount of unused space in the browser window, and to use fixed-width elements when you need to precisely place elements on a page.
 

 

 101. 
To create a text table, you need to use a(n) ____________________ font so that the columns align properly.
 

 

 102. 
____________________-width fonts use the same amount of space for each character.
 

 

 103. 
____________________ fonts assign a different amount of space for each character depending on the width of that character.
 

 

 104. 
If you use a(n) ____________________ font in a text table, the varying width of the characters and the spaces between characters can cause errors when the page is rendered in the user’s browser.
 

 

 105. 
____________________ text is text that is formatted in ways that HTML would otherwise not recognize.
 

 

 106. 
The table ____________________ is the number of rows and columns, the location of column headings, and the placement of a table caption.
 

 

 107. 
Tables are marked within a two-sided ____________________ tag that identifies the start and ending of the table structure.
 

 

 108. 
HTML provides a special tag for ____________________ headings in a table.
 

 

 109. 
The ____________________ tag is most often used for column headings, but you can use it for any cell that you want to contain centered boldfaced text.
 

 

 110. 
The <tbody>, <tfoot>, and <thead> tags contain collections of rows called ____________________ groups.
 

 

 111. 
Cell ____________________ refers to the space within the cells.
 

 

 112. 
With the ____________________ and rule attributes you can control how borders and gridlines are applied to the table.
 

 

 113. 
If you want your table to fill the entire width of the display area, regardless of the resolution of the user’s monitor, you should set the width attribute to ____________________.
 

 

 114. 
You can organize columns into ____________________ and format one or more entire columns with a single style declaration or attribute.
 

 

 115. 
In the ____________________ layout, the page content is placed in columns.
 

 

 116. 
In a(n) ____________________ layout, you break the page content into sections, placing each section in its own table cell.
 

 

 117. 
By breaking up page content into separate pieces you can create almost any type of layout; this technique is sometimes referred to as a(n) ____________________ layout.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a.
text
e.
frame
b.
graphical
f.
rules
c.
fixed-width
g.
spanning
d.
proportional
h.
fluid
 

 118. 

 Table type that uses only standard word processing characters
 

 119. 

 Font that assigns a different amount of space for each character depending on the character’s width
 

 120. 

 Font that uses the same amount of space for each character
 

 121. 

 Type of cell that occupies more than one row or column in a table
 

 122. 

 Attribute that allows you to determine which sides of a table will have borders
 

 123. 

 Layout in which one or more of the table elements is sized as a percentage of the page width
 

 124. 

 Attribute that lets you control how table gridlines are drawn
 

 125. 

 Table type that can include background colors
 

Short Answer
 
 
nar008-1.jpg
 

 126. 
Write the HTML code to create the table shown in the figure above.
 

 127. 
Why should you use a fixed-width font when creating a text table?
 

 128. 
How do you create a text table using the <pre> tag?
 

 129. 
What are the steps for inserting table text?
 

 130. 
What kinds of tables sometimes use the <tbody>, <thead>, and <tfoot> tags?
 

 131. 
What is the syntax for creating a table caption and changing its placement?
 

 132. 
What is the syntax for creating a table border?
 

 133. 
What is the syntax for specifying cell spacing?
 

 134. 
What is the syntax for specifying cell padding?
 

 135. 
Unless you specify differently, how is the size of a table determined?
 

 136. 
What is the syntax for specifying a table’s size?
 

 137. 
What attribute do you add to a header cell to prevent line wrapping?
 

 138. 
How do you vertically align the contents of a cell?
 

 139. 
For what is the columnar layout popularly used?
 

 140. 
What is a drawback to the fixed-width layout?
 

 141. 
How is the drawback to the fixed-width layout alleviated?
 

 142. 
What is a drawback of a fluid layout?
 

 143. 
One challenge associated with tables is that they can slow down page rendering. Explain what this means.
 

 144. 
What is the best approach to determining whether to use a fluid layout, a fixed-width layout, or a combination of both?
 

 145. 
One challenge associated with tables is that they can be inaccessible. Explain what this means.
 

Essay
 

 146. 
What is a graphical table? What are some things this type of table will permit that a text table will not? Under what circumstances is a text table preferable?
 

 147. 
Explain what the <tbody>, <thead>, and <tfoot> tags are and how they are used. What kinds of tables use them most often?
 

 148. 
Explain what a fixed-width layout is. What is its advantage? What is its drawback? How is this alleviated?
 

 149. 
Give six guidelines for the effective use of tables.
 

 150. 
Briefly explain four challenges often associated with tables.
 



 
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